Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Pepsi shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Pepsi offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Pepsi at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Pepsi? Wrong! If the Pepsi is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Pepsi then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Pepsi? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Pepsi and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Pepsi wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Pepsi then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Pepsi site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Pepsi, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Pepsi, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
{{Infobox Beverage|name=Pepsi-Cola|image=|type=
Cola.|origin=[United States[RC Cola-->
Pepsi Cola is a non-alcoholic carbonated beverage produced and manufactured by
PepsiCo. It is sold in stores, restaurants and from vending machines. The drink was first made in the 1890s by
pharmacy Caleb Bradham in
New Bern, North Carolina North Carolina. The brand was trademarked on June 16,
1903. There have been many
List of Pepsi types produced over the years, including
Diet Pepsi,
Crystal Pepsi, Pepsi Max, Pepsi Samba, Pepsi Blue,
Pepsi Gold, Pepsi Holiday Spice, Pepsi Jazz,
Pepsi Next (available in Japan and South Korea), Pepsi Ice Cucumber (available in Japan as of
June 12, 2007).
History
Rise in popularity
During
The Great Depression, Pepsi gained popularity following the introduction in 1934 of a 12-ounce bottle. Initially priced at 10 cents, sales were slow, but when the price was slashed to 5 cents, sales went through the roof. With twelve ounces a bottle instead of the six ounces Coca-Cola sold, Pepsi turned the price difference to its advantage with a slick radio advertising campaign, featuring the "Pepsi cola hits the spot / Twelve full ounces, that's a lot / Twice as much for a nickel, too / Pepsi-Cola is the drink for you,", encouraging price-watching consumers to switch to Pepsi, while obliquely referring to the Coca-Cola standard of six ounces a bottle for the price of five cents (a nickel), instead of the twelve ounces Pepsi sold at the same price. Coming at a time of economic crisis, the campaign succeeded in boosting Pepsi's status. From 1936 to 1938, Pepsi Cola's profits doubled.Jones, Eleanor & Ritzmann, Florian. "Coca-Cola at Home". Retrieved June 17, 2006.
Pepsi's success under Guth came while the Loft Candy business was faltering. Since he had initially used Loft's finances and facilities to establish the new Pepsi success, the near-bankrupt Loft Company sued Guth for possession of the Pepsi Cola company. A long legal battle then ensued, with Guth losing. Loft now owned Pepsi, and the two companies did a merger, then immediately spun the Loft company off.
Niche marketing
Walter Mack was named the new President of Pepsi-Cola and guided the company through the 1940s. Mack, who supported
progressivism causes, noticed that the company's strategy of using advertising for a general audience either ignored
African Americans or used ethnic stereotypes in portraying blacks. He realized African Americans were an untapped niche market and that Pepsi stood to gain
market share by targeting its advertising directly towards them. To this end, he hired Hennan Smith, an advertising executive "from the Negro newspaper field" to lead an all-black sales team, which had to be cut due to the onset of World War II. In 1947, Mack resumed his efforts, hiring Edward F. Boyd to lead a twelve-man team. They came up with advertising portraying black Americans in a positive light, such as one with a smiling mother holding a six pack of Pepsi while her son (a young Ron Brown (U.S. politician), who grew up to be United States Secretary of Commerce) reaches up for one. Another
ad campaign, titled "Leaders in Their Fields", profiled twenty prominent African Americans such as
Nobel Peace Prize winner
Ralph Bunche and photographer
Gordon Parks.
Boyd also led a sales team composed entirely of African Americans around the country to promote Pepsi.
Racial segregation and
Jim Crow laws were still in place throughout much of the U.S., so Boyd's team faced a great deal of discrimination as a result, from insults by Pepsi co-workers to threats by
Ku Klux Klan. On the other hand, they were able to use
racism as a selling point, attacking Coke's reluctance to hire blacks and support by the chairman of Coke to segregationist Governor of Georgia
Herman Talmadge. As a result, Pepsi's market share as compared to Coke's shot up dramatically. After the sales team visited Chicago, Pepsi's share in the city overtook that of Coke for the first time.
This focus on the African American market caused some consternation within the company and among its affiliates. They did not want to seem focused on black customers for fear
whites would be pushed away. In a meeting at the
Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, Mack tried to assuage the 500 bottlers in attendance by pandering to them, saying, "We don't want it to become known as the nigger drink." After Mack left the company in 1950, support for the black sales team faded and it was cut.
Marketing
In 1975, Pepsi introduced the
Pepsi Challenge marketing campaign where PepsiCo set up a blind tasting between Pepsi-Cola and rival Coca-Cola. During these blind taste tests the majority of participants picked Pepsi as the better tasting of the two soft drinks. PepsiCo took great advantage of the campaign with
television commercials reporting the test results to the public. SODAmuseum.com "The History of Pepsi-Cola",
sodamuseum.bigstep.com, paragraph 31.
In 1996, PepsiCo launched the highly successful
Pepsi Stuff marketing strategy. By 2002, the strategy was cited by Promo Magazine as one of 16 "Ageless Wonders" that "helped redefine promotion marketing." PepsiCo - Company - Honors (2002),
Promo Magazine, 2002.
In 2007, PepsiCo announced that Pepsi's cans would be redesigned again. Pepsi Can Gallery
Celebrity endorsers
Like Coca-Cola, Pepsi and its associated beverages have had various celebrity endorsers and continue to use them. Joan Crawford married Al Steele who was director of the company, she filled Al's place on the board of directors after he died.
Slogans
- 1939: "Twice as Much for a Nickel"
- 1950: "More Bounce to the Ounce"
- 1958: "Be Sociable, Have a Pepsi"
- 1961: "Now It's Pepsi for Those Who Think Young"
- 1963: "Come Alive, You're in the Pepsi Generation".
- 1967: "(Taste that beats the others cold) Pepsi Pours It On".
- 1969: "You've Got a Lot to Live, Pepsi's Got a Lot to Give".
- 1973: "Join the Pepsi people (feeling free)".
- 1975: "Have a Pepsi day".
- 1979: "Catch that Pepsi spirit". David Lucas composer
- 1981: "Pepsi's got your taste for life".
- 1984: "The Choice of a New Generation".
- 1986: "We've Got The Taste" (Commercial with Tina Turner)
- 1991: "Gotta Have It."/"Chill Out"
- 1995: "Nothing Else is a Pepsi".
- 1997: "GeneratioNext".
- 1999: "Ask for More"/"The Joy of Pepsi-Cola".
- 2003: "It's the Cola"/"Dare for More".
- 2005: "Wild Thing"/"Ask For More" (With Jennifer Lopez & Beyoncé Knowles)
- 2007: "More Happy"/"Taste the one that's forever young".
Types of Pepsi
See also: List of Pepsi types
was one of the unpopular Pepsi variations.
There are many types of Pepsi-Cola all differing in taste, price and appearance. Diet Pepsi is one of the most popular variations of the drink, containing no sugar and zero calories. Other popular low calorie variations of the drink include
Pepsi Max, Pepsi ONE, Caffeine-Free Pepsi and
Caffeine-Free Diet Pepsi. In Japan there is
Pepsi Next, which is believed to be the equivalent of Pepsi MAX.
PepsiCo has marketed many different fruit flavors of the drink including: Wild Cherry Pepsi (1988),
Diet Wild Cherry Pepsi (2005), Pepsi Lime (2005) and Diet Pepsi Lime (2005) and
Pepsi Jazz diet cola with three flavors, Caramel Cream (2007), Strawberries & Cream (2006) and Black Cherry French Vanilla (2006). Pepsi Jazz was invented by Schwab Amin as part of a customer "What's Yo' Flava?" contest in 2006.PepsiCo also rivaled Coca-Cola's lemon-flavored products with Pepsi Twist. Pepsi Twist has been successfully marketed in Brazil (with lime instead of lemon), where a limited-edition version is also sold, the
Pepsi Twistão, with an even stronger lime flavor. Pepsi A-ha, with a lemon flavor, was launched in India in 2002 but was not successful. Another type, Pepsi Samba, was released in Australia in the 3rd Quarter of 2005; it is Pepsi with a tropical taste of tamarind and mango.
PepsiCo has introduced many variant versions of Pepsi over the years that differ from the original version in either flavor, appearance or both. Crystal Pepsi, a clear cola free of caffeine, sodium and preservatives, was introduced in 1992 and phased out the following year. Similarly, the blue-colored berry cola Pepsi Blue was introduced in mid-2002 to a mixed response. PepsiCo withdrew it from the market in 2004. In 2006,
Pepsi Gold was released.
PepsiCo has introduced coffee-flavored variations of the drink. In 2005,
Pepsi Cappuccino was released in Romania and
Bulgaria with another coffee-flavored cola called
Pepsi Tarik in
Malaysia and Pepsi Cafechino in India. In late 2005/early 2006 in the UK PepsiCo released Pepsi Max Cino, a
cappuccino variant of its popular Pepsi Max beverage.
Many types of the drink have only been produced or sold for a limited time, such as
Pepsi Holiday Spice, a spicy Christmas seasonal finish of ginger and cinnamon. Pepsi X is another variation which contains more caffeine than regular Pepsi-Cola and in addition also contains taurine and
guaranine. It is similar to other energy drinks such as
Red Bull..
PepsiCo markets Pepsi ONE in the US in place of Pepsi X (sold only outside the US and not currently available for import), as both are sweetened with SPLENDA® No Calorie Sweetener, and Pepsi ONE contains 4.6mg of caffeine per ounce without the added taurine and guaranine (Pepsi X has 2.5mg of caffeine and regular Pepsi has 3.13mg per ounce).
Criticisms
See also: PepsiCo#Criticisms
Pepsi was banned from import in India in 1970 for having refused to release the list of its ingredients. In 1993, the ban was lifted, with Pepsi arriving on the market shortly afterwards. One study led by the Center for Science and the Environment (CSE), an independent laboratory in
New Delhi, found that the soft drinks contained residues of dangerous pesticides, with one dose 36 times greater than the European standard for Pepsi and 30 times greater for Coca-Cola . However, this was the European standard for water, not for other drinks. The presence of these products could provoke cancers, negatively affect the Central nervous system and immune systems, and cause
birth defects. No law bans the presence of
pesticides in drinks in India.In 2003 and again in 2006, Pepsi, Coke contain pesticides: CSE the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a non-governmental organization in
New Delhi, found that soda drinks produced by manufacturers in India, including both Pepsi and Coca-Cola, had dangerously high levels of pesticides in their drinks. Both PepsiCo and The Coca-Cola Company maintain that their drinks are safe for consumption and have published newspaper advertisements that say pesticide levels in their products are less than those in other foods such as tea, fruit and dairy products. Cola sales down 10% on state bans In the Indian state of
Kerala, sale and production of Pepsi-Cola, along with other soft drinks, has been banned. Kerala bans Coke and Pepsi Five other Indian states have announced partial bans on the drinks in schools, colleges and hospitals. Indian state bans Pepsi and CokeOn September 22,
2006, the High Court in Kerala overturned the Kerala ban ruling that only the federal government can ban food products.Thomas, V.M. Indian Court Overturns Coke, Pepsi Ban
Iran state television broadcasted anti-Pepsi propaganda, saying that the PEPSI letters stood for Pay Each Penny Save Israel. PepsiCo has a bottling plant in Iran.
Long-term health effects
Some nutritionists assert that the phosphoric acid component of Pepsi-Cola, and other similar soft drinks, may be deleterious to bone health in both men and women, with some studies finding the effects to be more notably pronounced in female subjects. See phosphoric acid in food.
Pepsi and other similar products contain large amounts of sugar. Excessive sugar intake is a contributing factor in the development of certain types of diabetes. Sugar is also a leading contributor to tooth decay. The vast amounts of sugar found in Pepsi products has also been linked to erectile dysfunction as well as a decrease in penis size. The carbonation present in pepsi as well as most soft drinks inhibits some calcium intake and, in extremely rare cases, can lead to osteoporosis.
In addition, both 'diet' and non-diet variants are highly acidic, which is a cause of degradation of tooth enamel, making decay due to subsequent sugar intake more likely. This is particularly exacerbated when a drink is sipped at frequent intervals throughout the day.
Rivalry with Coca-Cola
According to Consumer Reports, in the 1970s, the rivalry continued to heat up the market. Pepsi conducted blind taste tests in stores, in what was called the "
Pepsi Challenge". These tests suggested that more consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi (which is believed to have more
lemon oil, less
orange (fruit) oil, and uses
vanillin rather than vanilla) to Coke. The sales of Pepsi started to climb, and Pepsi kicked off the "Challenge" across the nation.
In 1985, The Coca-Cola Company, amid much publicity, changed its
Coca-Cola formula. Some authorities believe that New Coke, as the reformulated drink came to be known, was invented specifically in response to the Pepsi Challenge. However, a consumer backlash led to Coca-Cola quickly introducing a modified version of the original formula (removing the expensive Haitian lime oil and changing the sweetener to corn syrup) as Coke "Classic".
Overall, Coca-Cola continues to outsell Pepsi in almost all areas of the world. Saudi Arabia, Pakistan (Pepsi has been a dominant sponsor of the Pakistan cricket team since the
1990s), the Province of Canada of Quebec and Prince Edward Island and the U.S. states of
Michigan and South Carolina are the exceptions.
http://www.strategymag.com/articles/magazine/20041015/vive.html "Vive la difference'Does that mean I have to have a separate campaign?",
Strategy Magazine, October 2004
By most accounts, Coca-Cola was India's leading soft drink until 1977 when it left India after a new government ordered The Coca-Cola Company to turn over its secret formula for Coke and dilute its stake in its Indian unit as required by the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA). In 1988, PepsiCo gained entry to India by creating a joint venture with the Punjab government-owned
Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation (PAIC) and
Voltas India Limited. This joint venture marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991 when the use of foreign brands was allowed; PepsiCo bought out its partners and ended the joint venture in 1994. In 1993, The Coca-Cola Company returned in pursuance of India's Liberalization policy. "India: Soft Drinks, Hard Cases",
The Water Dossier, 14 March
2005 In 2005, The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo together held 95% market share of soft-drink sales in India. Coca-Cola India's market share was 60.8%. "Fizzical Facts: Coke claims 60% mkt share in India",
Times News Network, August 5 2005
Pepsi had long been the drink of Canadian Francophones and it continues to hold its dominance by relying on local Québécois celebrities (especially
Claude Meunier, of
La Petite Vie fame) to sell its product. "Pepsi" eventually became an offensive nickname for Francophones viewed as a lower class by Anglophones in the middle of the 20th century. The term is now used as an historical reference to French-English linguistic animosity (During the partitionist debate surrounding the 1995 referendum, a pundit wrote, "
And a wall will be erected along St-Laurent street traditional divide between French and English in Montréal because some people were throwing Coke bottles one way and Pepsi bottles the other way").
Comedian
Dave Chappelle starred in ads for both Coca-Cola and Pepsi, an act which drew controversy. When referring to it in his show, Chappelle said, "I can't even taste the difference: all I know is Pepsi's paying more right now, so it tastes better."
In the U.S., Pepsi's total market share was about 31.7 percent in 2004, while Coke's was about 43.1 percent. "Beverage Digest Press Release",
Beverage Digest,
March 4 2005 (PDF)
In Russia, Pepsi once had a larger market share than Coca-Cola. However, Pepsi's dominance in Russia was undercut as the
Cold War ended.In
1972, Pepsico company struck a barter agreement with the then government of the
Soviet Union, in which Pepsico was granted exportation and Western marketing rights to Stolichnaya vodka in exchange for importation and Soviet marketing of Pepsi-Cola. http://www.free-essays.us/dbase/b5/lvt48.shtmlThis exchange led to Pepsi-Cola being the first foreign product sanctioned for sale in the U.S.S.R.. When the
Collapse of the Soviet Union, Pepsi was associated with the old Soviet system, and Coca Cola, just newly introduced to the Russian market in 1992, was associated with the new system. Thus, Coca-Cola rapidly captured a significant
market share away from Pepsi that might otherwise have needed years to build up. By July 2005, Coca-Cola enjoyed a market share of 19.4 percent, followed by Pepsi with 13 percent. "Coke Versus Pepsi, Santa Versus Moroz",
The Moscow Times,
December 30 2005In the same way that Coca Cola has become a cultural icon and its global spread has spawned words like "
coca colonization", Pepsi Cola and its relation to Russia has also turned it into an icon. In the early 1990s, the term, "Pepsi-stroika", began appearing as a pun on "perestroika", the reform policy of the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev. Critics viewed the policy as a lot of fizz without substance and as an attempt to usher in Western products in deals there with the old elites. Pepsi, as one of the first American products in the Soviet Union, became a symbol of the relationship and the Soviet policy.The word first appeared in an exhibit in the Harvard University Law School Library in December 1990 to February 1991, then in several articles and books by anthropologist David Lempert, who coined the phrase. Most notable is the third book inside the two volume set, "Pepsi-stroika" in
Daily Life in a Crumbling Empire: The Absorption of Russia into the World Economy, Columbia University Press/ Eastern European Monographs, 1996.
Ingredients
{| class ="wikitable" align="right" cellborder="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="1"!! Amount per 100mL|-|
Energy|196.5 kJ|-|
Fat|0 g|-|
Sodium|0.98 mg|-|
Carbohydrates|11.74 g|-|
Sugar|11.04 g|-|
Protein|0 g|-|
Caffeine|10 mg|}Pepsi-Cola contains basic ingredients found in most other similar drinks including carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, sugar,
colorings, phosphoric acid,
caffeine,
citric acid and
flavor. The caffeine-free Pepsi-Cola contains the same ingredients minus the caffeine.
The original Pepsi-Cola recipe was actually available from documents filed with the court at the time that the Pepsi-Cola Company went bankrupt in 1929. Note that the original formulation contained neither cola nor caffeine.
Competitors
See also
Notes
References
- Beverage World Magazine, January 1998, "Celebrating a Century of Refreshment: Pepsi - The First 100 Years"
- Stoddard, Bob. Pepsi Cola - 100 Years (1997), General Publishing Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- "History & Milestones" (1996), Pepsi packet
- Louis, J.C. & Yazijian, Harvey Z. "The Cola Wars" (1980), Everest House, Publishers, New York, NY, USA
External links
- The origin of Company Pepsi
- Pepsi FAQ
- Pepsi World
- Pepsi Gallery - Pepsi Promotional site
- Pepsi Americas
- 'Coke, Pepsi losing the fizz'
- 1987 Audio Interview with John Sculley by Don Swaim of CBS Radio - RealAudio
- The Annual Pepsi Independence Day Celebration (Tri-Cities, TN.)
- The Pepsi Max Cappuccino Wire, a fan site to Pepsi Max Cappuccino.
- The Original Pepsi-Cola Recipe
- Nutrition facts
- (South African 1977 Radio Commercial)
- 1939 Radio Commercial (Twice as Much for a Nickel)
- Pepsi Commercials Online
{{Infobox Beverage|name=Pepsi-Cola|image=|type=
Cola.|origin=[United States[RC Cola-->
Pepsi Cola is a non-alcoholic carbonated beverage produced and manufactured by
PepsiCo. It is sold in stores, restaurants and from
vending machines. The drink was first made in the 1890s by pharmacy Caleb Bradham in
New Bern, North Carolina North Carolina. The brand was trademarked on
June 16, 1903. There have been many List of Pepsi types produced over the years, including
Diet Pepsi,
Crystal Pepsi,
Pepsi Max,
Pepsi Samba,
Pepsi Blue, Pepsi Gold,
Pepsi Holiday Spice, Pepsi Jazz, Pepsi Next (available in Japan and South Korea), Pepsi Ice Cucumber (available in
Japan as of
June 12,
2007).
History
Rise in popularity
During
The Great Depression, Pepsi gained popularity following the introduction in 1934 of a 12-ounce bottle. Initially priced at 10 cents, sales were slow, but when the price was slashed to 5 cents, sales went through the roof. With twelve ounces a bottle instead of the six ounces Coca-Cola sold, Pepsi turned the price difference to its advantage with a slick radio advertising campaign, featuring the "Pepsi cola hits the spot / Twelve full ounces, that's a lot / Twice as much for a nickel, too / Pepsi-Cola is the drink for you,", encouraging price-watching consumers to switch to Pepsi, while obliquely referring to the Coca-Cola standard of six ounces a bottle for the price of five cents (a nickel), instead of the twelve ounces Pepsi sold at the same price. Coming at a time of economic crisis, the campaign succeeded in boosting Pepsi's status. From 1936 to 1938, Pepsi Cola's profits doubled.Jones, Eleanor & Ritzmann, Florian. "Coca-Cola at Home". Retrieved
June 17, 2006.
Pepsi's success under Guth came while the Loft Candy business was faltering. Since he had initially used Loft's finances and facilities to establish the new Pepsi success, the near-bankrupt Loft Company sued Guth for possession of the Pepsi Cola company. A long legal battle then ensued, with Guth losing. Loft now owned Pepsi, and the two companies did a merger, then immediately spun the Loft company off.
Niche marketing
Walter Mack was named the new President of Pepsi-Cola and guided the company through the 1940s. Mack, who supported
progressivism causes, noticed that the company's strategy of using advertising for a general audience either ignored African Americans or used ethnic stereotypes in portraying blacks. He realized African Americans were an untapped
niche market and that Pepsi stood to gain
market share by targeting its advertising directly towards them. To this end, he hired Hennan Smith, an advertising executive "from the Negro newspaper field" to lead an all-black sales team, which had to be cut due to the onset of World War II. In 1947, Mack resumed his efforts, hiring
Edward F. Boyd to lead a twelve-man team. They came up with advertising portraying black Americans in a positive light, such as one with a smiling mother holding a
six pack of Pepsi while her son (a young
Ron Brown (U.S. politician), who grew up to be
United States Secretary of Commerce) reaches up for one. Another ad campaign, titled "Leaders in Their Fields", profiled twenty prominent African Americans such as
Nobel Peace Prize winner
Ralph Bunche and photographer Gordon Parks.
Boyd also led a sales team composed entirely of African Americans around the country to promote Pepsi. Racial segregation and
Jim Crow laws were still in place throughout much of the U.S., so Boyd's team faced a great deal of discrimination as a result, from insults by Pepsi co-workers to threats by Ku Klux Klan. On the other hand, they were able to use
racism as a selling point, attacking Coke's reluctance to hire blacks and support by the chairman of Coke to segregationist Governor of Georgia Herman Talmadge. As a result, Pepsi's market share as compared to Coke's shot up dramatically. After the sales team visited
Chicago, Pepsi's share in the city overtook that of Coke for the first time.
This focus on the African American market caused some consternation within the company and among its affiliates. They did not want to seem focused on black customers for fear
whites would be pushed away. In a meeting at the
Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, Mack tried to assuage the 500
bottlers in attendance by pandering to them, saying, "We don't want it to become known as the nigger drink." After Mack left the company in 1950, support for the black sales team faded and it was cut.
Marketing
In 1975, Pepsi introduced the
Pepsi Challenge marketing campaign where PepsiCo set up a blind tasting between Pepsi-Cola and rival
Coca-Cola. During these blind taste tests the majority of participants picked Pepsi as the better tasting of the two soft drinks. PepsiCo took great advantage of the campaign with
television commercials reporting the test results to the public. SODAmuseum.com "The History of Pepsi-Cola",
sodamuseum.bigstep.com, paragraph 31.
In 1996, PepsiCo launched the highly successful Pepsi Stuff marketing strategy. By 2002, the strategy was cited by Promo Magazine as one of 16 "Ageless Wonders" that "helped redefine promotion marketing." PepsiCo - Company - Honors (2002),
Promo Magazine, 2002.
In 2007, PepsiCo announced that Pepsi's cans would be redesigned again. Pepsi Can Gallery
Celebrity endorsers
Like Coca-Cola, Pepsi and its associated beverages have had various celebrity endorsers and continue to use them. Joan Crawford married Al Steele who was director of the company, she filled Al's place on the board of directors after he died.
Slogans
- 1939: "Twice as Much for a Nickel"
- 1950: "More Bounce to the Ounce"
- 1958: "Be Sociable, Have a Pepsi"
- 1961: "Now It's Pepsi for Those Who Think Young"
- 1963: "Come Alive, You're in the Pepsi Generation".
- 1967: "(Taste that beats the others cold) Pepsi Pours It On".
- 1969: "You've Got a Lot to Live, Pepsi's Got a Lot to Give".
- 1973: "Join the Pepsi people (feeling free)".
- 1975: "Have a Pepsi day".
- 1979: "Catch that Pepsi spirit". David Lucas composer
- 1981: "Pepsi's got your taste for life".
- 1984: "The Choice of a New Generation".
- 1986: "We've Got The Taste" (Commercial with Tina Turner)
- 1991: "Gotta Have It."/"Chill Out"
- 1995: "Nothing Else is a Pepsi".
- 1997: "GeneratioNext".
- 1999: "Ask for More"/"The Joy of Pepsi-Cola".
- 2003: "It's the Cola"/"Dare for More".
- 2005: "Wild Thing"/"Ask For More" (With Jennifer Lopez & Beyoncé Knowles)
- 2007: "More Happy"/"Taste the one that's forever young".
Types of Pepsi
See also: List of Pepsi types
was one of the unpopular Pepsi variations.
There are many types of Pepsi-Cola all differing in taste, price and appearance. Diet Pepsi is one of the most popular variations of the drink, containing no sugar and zero calories. Other popular low calorie variations of the drink include
Pepsi Max, Pepsi ONE, Caffeine-Free Pepsi and
Caffeine-Free Diet Pepsi. In Japan there is
Pepsi Next, which is believed to be the equivalent of Pepsi MAX.
PepsiCo has marketed many different fruit flavors of the drink including:
Wild Cherry Pepsi (1988),
Diet Wild Cherry Pepsi (2005), Pepsi Lime (2005) and Diet Pepsi Lime (2005) and Pepsi Jazz diet cola with three flavors, Caramel Cream (2007), Strawberries & Cream (2006) and Black Cherry French Vanilla (2006). Pepsi Jazz was invented by Schwab Amin as part of a customer "What's Yo' Flava?" contest in 2006.PepsiCo also rivaled Coca-Cola's lemon-flavored products with
Pepsi Twist. Pepsi Twist has been successfully marketed in Brazil (with lime instead of lemon), where a limited-edition version is also sold, the
Pepsi Twistão, with an even stronger lime flavor. Pepsi A-ha, with a lemon flavor, was launched in
India in 2002 but was not successful. Another type, Pepsi Samba, was released in Australia in the 3rd Quarter of 2005; it is Pepsi with a tropical taste of
tamarind and mango.
PepsiCo has introduced many variant versions of Pepsi over the years that differ from the original version in either flavor, appearance or both. Crystal Pepsi, a clear cola free of caffeine, sodium and preservatives, was introduced in 1992 and phased out the following year. Similarly, the blue-colored berry cola
Pepsi Blue was introduced in mid-2002 to a mixed response. PepsiCo withdrew it from the market in 2004. In 2006, Pepsi Gold was released.
PepsiCo has introduced coffee-flavored variations of the drink. In 2005,
Pepsi Cappuccino was released in Romania and Bulgaria with another coffee-flavored cola called
Pepsi Tarik in
Malaysia and
Pepsi Cafechino in India. In late 2005/early 2006 in the UK PepsiCo released Pepsi Max Cino, a
cappuccino variant of its popular Pepsi Max beverage.
Many types of the drink have only been produced or sold for a limited time, such as Pepsi Holiday Spice, a spicy Christmas seasonal finish of ginger and cinnamon.
Pepsi X is another variation which contains more caffeine than regular Pepsi-Cola and in addition also contains taurine and guaranine. It is similar to other energy drinks such as
Red Bull..
PepsiCo markets Pepsi ONE in the US in place of Pepsi X (sold only outside the US and not currently available for import), as both are sweetened with SPLENDA® No Calorie Sweetener, and Pepsi ONE contains 4.6mg of caffeine per ounce without the added taurine and guaranine (Pepsi X has 2.5mg of caffeine and regular Pepsi has 3.13mg per ounce).
Criticisms
See also: PepsiCo#Criticisms
Pepsi was banned from import in
India in 1970 for having refused to release the list of its ingredients. In 1993, the ban was lifted, with Pepsi arriving on the market shortly afterwards. One study led by the Center for Science and the Environment (CSE), an independent laboratory in New Delhi, found that the soft drinks contained residues of dangerous pesticides, with one dose 36 times greater than the European standard for Pepsi and 30 times greater for Coca-Cola . However, this was the European standard for water, not for other drinks. The presence of these products could provoke cancers, negatively affect the
Central nervous system and
immune systems, and cause
birth defects. No law bans the presence of
pesticides in drinks in India.In 2003 and again in 2006, Pepsi, Coke contain pesticides: CSE the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a non-governmental organization in
New Delhi, found that soda drinks produced by manufacturers in India, including both Pepsi and Coca-Cola, had dangerously high levels of pesticides in their drinks. Both PepsiCo and The Coca-Cola Company maintain that their drinks are safe for consumption and have published newspaper advertisements that say pesticide levels in their products are less than those in other foods such as tea, fruit and dairy products. Cola sales down 10% on state bans In the Indian state of
Kerala, sale and production of Pepsi-Cola, along with other soft drinks, has been banned. Kerala bans Coke and Pepsi Five other Indian states have announced partial bans on the drinks in schools, colleges and hospitals. Indian state bans Pepsi and CokeOn
September 22, 2006, the High Court in Kerala overturned the Kerala ban ruling that only the federal government can ban food products.Thomas, V.M. Indian Court Overturns Coke, Pepsi Ban
Iran state television broadcasted anti-Pepsi propaganda, saying that the PEPSI letters stood for Pay Each Penny Save Israel. PepsiCo has a bottling plant in Iran.
Long-term health effects
Some nutritionists assert that the phosphoric acid component of Pepsi-Cola, and other similar soft drinks, may be deleterious to bone health in both men and women, with some studies finding the effects to be more notably pronounced in female subjects. See
phosphoric acid in food.
Pepsi and other similar products contain large amounts of sugar. Excessive sugar intake is a contributing factor in the development of certain types of diabetes. Sugar is also a leading contributor to tooth decay. The vast amounts of sugar found in Pepsi products has also been linked to erectile dysfunction as well as a decrease in penis size. The carbonation present in pepsi as well as most soft drinks inhibits some calcium intake and, in extremely rare cases, can lead to osteoporosis.
In addition, both 'diet' and non-diet variants are highly acidic, which is a cause of degradation of tooth enamel, making decay due to subsequent sugar intake more likely. This is particularly exacerbated when a drink is sipped at frequent intervals throughout the day.
Rivalry with Coca-Cola
According to Consumer Reports, in the 1970s, the rivalry continued to heat up the market. Pepsi conducted blind taste tests in stores, in what was called the "Pepsi Challenge". These tests suggested that more consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi (which is believed to have more lemon oil, less orange (fruit) oil, and uses
vanillin rather than vanilla) to Coke. The sales of Pepsi started to climb, and Pepsi kicked off the "Challenge" across the nation.
In 1985, The Coca-Cola Company, amid much publicity, changed its
Coca-Cola formula. Some authorities believe that New Coke, as the reformulated drink came to be known, was invented specifically in response to the Pepsi Challenge. However, a consumer backlash led to Coca-Cola quickly introducing a modified version of the original formula (removing the expensive Haitian lime oil and changing the sweetener to corn syrup) as Coke "Classic".
Overall, Coca-Cola continues to outsell Pepsi in almost all areas of the world.
Saudi Arabia, Pakistan (Pepsi has been a dominant sponsor of the
Pakistan cricket team since the
1990s), the
Province of Canada of Quebec and
Prince Edward Island and the U.S. states of
Michigan and
South Carolina are the exceptions.http://www.strategymag.com/articles/magazine/20041015/vive.html "Vive la difference'Does that mean I have to have a separate campaign?",
Strategy Magazine,
October 2004By most accounts, Coca-Cola was India's leading soft drink until 1977 when it left India after a new government ordered The Coca-Cola Company to turn over its secret formula for Coke and dilute its stake in its Indian unit as required by the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA). In
1988, PepsiCo gained entry to India by creating a joint venture with the Punjab government-owned
Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation (PAIC) and Voltas India Limited. This joint venture marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991 when the use of foreign brands was allowed; PepsiCo bought out its partners and ended the joint venture in 1994. In 1993, The Coca-Cola Company returned in pursuance of India's Liberalization policy. "India: Soft Drinks, Hard Cases",
The Water Dossier,
14 March 2005 In 2005, The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo together held 95% market share of soft-drink sales in India. Coca-Cola India's market share was 60.8%. "Fizzical Facts: Coke claims 60% mkt share in India",
Times News Network,
August 5 2005
Pepsi had long been the drink of Canadian Francophones and it continues to hold its dominance by relying on local
Québécois celebrities (especially Claude Meunier, of
La Petite Vie fame) to sell its product. "Pepsi" eventually became an offensive nickname for Francophones viewed as a lower class by Anglophones in the middle of the 20th century. The term is now used as an historical reference to French-English linguistic animosity (During the partitionist debate surrounding the 1995 referendum, a pundit wrote, "
And a wall will be erected along St-Laurent street traditional divide between French and English in Montréal because some people were throwing Coke bottles one way and Pepsi bottles the other way").
Comedian Dave Chappelle starred in ads for both Coca-Cola and Pepsi, an act which drew controversy. When referring to it in his show, Chappelle said, "I can't even taste the difference: all I know is Pepsi's paying more right now, so it tastes better."
In the U.S., Pepsi's total market share was about 31.7 percent in 2004, while Coke's was about 43.1 percent. "Beverage Digest Press Release",
Beverage Digest,
March 4 2005 (PDF)
In Russia, Pepsi once had a larger market share than Coca-Cola. However, Pepsi's dominance in Russia was undercut as the
Cold War ended.In 1972, Pepsico company struck a barter agreement with the then government of the Soviet Union, in which Pepsico was granted exportation and Western marketing rights to Stolichnaya vodka in exchange for importation and Soviet marketing of
Pepsi-Cola. http://www.free-essays.us/dbase/b5/lvt48.shtmlThis exchange led to Pepsi-Cola being the first foreign product sanctioned for sale in the U.S.S.R.. When the Collapse of the Soviet Union, Pepsi was associated with the old Soviet system, and Coca Cola, just newly introduced to the Russian market in 1992, was associated with the new system. Thus, Coca-Cola rapidly captured a significant
market share away from Pepsi that might otherwise have needed years to build up. By July 2005, Coca-Cola enjoyed a market share of 19.4 percent, followed by Pepsi with 13 percent. "Coke Versus Pepsi, Santa Versus Moroz",
The Moscow Times,
December 30 2005
In the same way that Coca Cola has become a cultural icon and its global spread has spawned words like "
coca colonization", Pepsi Cola and its relation to Russia has also turned it into an icon. In the early 1990s, the term, "Pepsi-stroika", began appearing as a pun on "
perestroika", the reform policy of the Soviet Union under
Mikhail Gorbachev. Critics viewed the policy as a lot of fizz without substance and as an attempt to usher in Western products in deals there with the old elites. Pepsi, as one of the first American products in the Soviet Union, became a symbol of the relationship and the Soviet policy.The word first appeared in an exhibit in the Harvard University Law School Library in December 1990 to February 1991, then in several articles and books by anthropologist
David Lempert, who coined the phrase. Most notable is the third book inside the two volume set, "Pepsi-stroika" in
Daily Life in a Crumbling Empire: The Absorption of Russia into the World Economy, Columbia University Press/ Eastern European Monographs, 1996.
Ingredients
{| class ="wikitable" align="right" cellborder="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="1"!! Amount per 100mL|-|
Energy|196.5 kJ|-|
Fat|0 g|-|
Sodium|0.98 mg|-|
Carbohydrates|11.74 g|-|
Sugar|11.04 g|-|
Protein|0 g|-|
Caffeine|10 mg|}Pepsi-Cola contains basic ingredients found in most other similar drinks including carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, sugar,
colorings,
phosphoric acid, caffeine,
citric acid and
flavor. The caffeine-free Pepsi-Cola contains the same ingredients minus the caffeine.
The original Pepsi-Cola recipe was actually available from documents filed with the court at the time that the Pepsi-Cola Company went bankrupt in 1929. Note that the original formulation contained neither cola nor caffeine.
Competitors
See also
Notes
References
- Beverage World Magazine, January 1998, "Celebrating a Century of Refreshment: Pepsi - The First 100 Years"
- Stoddard, Bob. Pepsi Cola - 100 Years (1997), General Publishing Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- "History & Milestones" (1996), Pepsi packet
- Louis, J.C. & Yazijian, Harvey Z. "The Cola Wars" (1980), Everest House, Publishers, New York, NY, USA
External links
- The origin of Company Pepsi
- Pepsi FAQ
- Pepsi World
- Pepsi Gallery - Pepsi Promotional site
- Pepsi Americas
- 'Coke, Pepsi losing the fizz'
- 1987 Audio Interview with John Sculley by Don Swaim of CBS Radio - RealAudio
- The Annual Pepsi Independence Day Celebration (Tri-Cities, TN.)
- The Pepsi Max Cappuccino Wire, a fan site to Pepsi Max Cappuccino.
- The Original Pepsi-Cola Recipe
- Nutrition facts
- (South African 1977 Radio Commercial)
- 1939 Radio Commercial (Twice as Much for a Nickel)
- Pepsi Commercials Online
Welcome to Pepsi.co.uk
The online home for Pepsi in the UK.
Welcome to Pepsi.co.uk
Pepsi, Pepsi Max, Pepsico, Pepsi, Pepsi Competition, Max Your Life, Pepsi Music, Pepsi Advert, Pepsi Commercial, Best of the Web, Discover more, Experience more, Share more, Pepsi ...
Pepsi
Get the latest on the coolest Pepsi Products, Fashion, Music, Sports and Entertainment Downloads. ... Our site requires Flash 9 in order to present you with the highest level of ...
Pepsi USA - All Pepsi Brands
Aquafina Make your body happy! www.aquafina.com: Aquafina Alive Make your body happy! www.aquafina.com: Aquafina FlavorSplash Try water with a splash! www.aquafina.com
Pepsi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pepsi-Cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. It is sold in stores, restaurants and from vending machines. The drink was first made in the 1890s ...
BBC ON THIS DAY | 27 | 1984: Michael Jackson burned in Pepsi ad
Michael Jackson has been rushed to hospital with burn injuries to his head after a stunt for a Pepsi commercial went wrong.
Pepsi launch new drink made from 'all natural' ingredients - Times ...
It may not be as healthy as a freshly squeezed juice, but Pepsi claim their new drink is made from all natural ingredients.
Pepsi
Pepsi-Cola. PepsiCo map. Pepsi-Cola represents a major force in the soft drink industry world wide, consistently moving from strength to strength through a firm commitment to ...
Britvic - Pepsi
The Britvic showcase of our world famous products, news, career opportunities and investor relations. All things Britvic and more!
Pepsi Max Big One at Pleasure Beach Theme Park / Amusement Park ...
Brace yourself for The Big One, Pleasure Beach’s biggest, fastest, scariest coaster will have you shaking in anticipation and screaming in delight. At a towering height of 235 ft ...